Mitigation actions aim to reduce GHG emissions, and in addition result in secondary benefits to public health (co-benefits) through various pathways, such as reduction in air pollution, active travel and diversity in diets. In the agriculture sector, climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices with mitigation potential, such as low-tillage and agro-forestry ensure the sequestration of carbon; with the latter additionally contributing to dietary diversification where fruit and nut trees are part of the agro-forestry approaches. On the other hand, the transition to clean energy in the household, transport and manufacturing sectors, ultimately lead to lower GHG emissions while also contributing to cleaner air and subsequently better respiratory and cardiovascular health. 

Other interventions in the transport sector, such as investment in non-motorised transport infrastructure while reducing emissions due to low use of motor vehicles, encourages active travel, contributing to reductions in non-communicable diseases associated with inactivity, such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Further, proper solid waste management that embraces circularity leads to less GHG emissions associated with open dumpsites, therefore reducing air pollution with subsequent gains to health. Mitigation actions such as the greening of cities and urban areas by planting trees and establishing parks contribute to reduced air pollution while cooling the atmosphere, lowering the stress and discomfort caused by high heat, which improves
mental health.